FHIR Client Integration Guide

This guide provides a simple reference for integrating with the CardioExplorer FHIR API. It shows the to help you get started quickly.

📋 Table of Contents

Bundle Structure

Patient Resource

Observation Resources

MedicationStatement Resources

Conditional Occurrence Fields

Complete Example

Quick Reference Checklist

API Endpoint

Bundle Structure

Every request must be a Bundle with type: "collection". The fullUrl field is mandatory for each entry to enable proper error reporting.

Required Fields

{
  "resourceType": "Bundle",
  "type": "collection",
  "entry": [
    {
      "fullUrl": "urn:uuid:UNIQUE-ID-HERE",
      "resource": {
        // Resource goes here (Patient, Observation, and MedicationStatement)
      }
    }
  ]
}

Important Notes:

✅ fullUrl is REQUIRED for every entry

✅ Use unique UUIDs for each fullUrl (e.g., urn:uuid:2a3f9f10-5b1c-4ad3-9c1c-6f8a2a0b3e41)

✅ The fullUrl helps identify which resource has validation errors

Patient Resource

The Patient resource contains basic patient demographics.

 {
    "fullUrl": "urn:uuid:2a3f9f10-5b1c-4ad3-9c1c-6f8a2a0b3e41",
    "resource": {
        "resourceType": "Patient",
        "id": "000005",
        "gender": "male",
        "birthDate": "1995-08-01"
    }
},

Field Details: All of these fields are mandatory

resourceType: Must be "Patient"

id: Unique identifier for this patient within the bundle

gender: "male" or "female"

birthDate: Date in YYYY-MM-DD format

Observation Resources

Observations are used for lab results, vital signs, and measurements.

  {
    "fullUrl": "urn:uuid:11111111-aaaa-4bbb-cccc-000000000001",
    "resource": {
        "resourceType": "Observation",
        "status": "final",
        "effectiveDateTime": "2026-01-25T00:00:00Z",
        "code": {
            "coding": [
                {
                    "system": "http://loinc.org",
                    "code": "6690-2",
                    "display": "Leukocytes [#/volume] in Blood by Automated count"
                }
            ],
            "text": "Leukocytes"
        },
        "subject": {
            "reference": "Patient/000005"
        },
        "valueQuantity": {
            "value": 6.0,
            "unit": "G/L",
            "system": "http://unitsofmeasure.org",
            "code": "G/L"
        }
    }
}

Field Details: All of these fields are mandatory

resourceType: Must be "Observation"

id: Unique identifier for this observation

status: Must be "final"

code.coding[].system: Code system (use http://loinc.org for labs/vitals)

code.coding[].code: LOINC code (e.g., 6690-2 for Leukocytes)

code.coding[].display: Human-readable name

code.text: Plain text description

subject.reference: Reference to the Patient (can use Patient/{id} or urn:uuid:...)

effectiveDateTime: ISO 8601 timestamp when observation was taken

valueQuantity.value: Numeric measurement result

valueQuantity.unit: Unit label (e.g., "G/L", "mg/dL", "mmHg")

valueQuantity.system: Unit system (use http://unitsofmeasure.org)

valueQuantity.code: UCUM code for the unit

MedicationStatement Resources

Medication resources capture which medications the patient is taking. You can use our CardioExplorer codes for medication categories, or supply your own codes if needed.

{
    "fullUrl": "urn:uuid:11111111-aaaa-4bbb-cccc-000000000028",
    "resource": {
        "resourceType": "MedicationStatement",
        "id": "antiplatelet-therapy-1",
        "status": "active",
        "effectiveDateTime": "2026-01-27T00:00:00Z",
        "medicationCodeableConcept": {
            "coding": [
                {
                    "system": "http://www.cardioexplorer.ai",
                    "code": "CE_ANTIPLATELET_THERAPY",
                    "display": "Clopidogrel [Presence]"
                }
            ],
            "text": "Clopidogrel"
        },
        "subject": {
            "reference": "Patient/000005"
        }
    }
},

Field Details: All of these fields are mandatory

resourceType: Must be "MedicationStatement"

id: Unique identifier for this medication statement

status: Medication status (see status mapping below)

effectiveDateTime: ISO 8601 timestamp when medication was started or when the statement was made

medicationCodeableConcept.coding[].system: Use "http://www.cardioexplorer.ai" for CE codes

medicationCodeableConcept.coding[].code: One of the CardioExplorer medication codes (see below)

medicationCodeableConcept.coding[].display: Human-readable medication name

medicationCodeableConcept.text: Plain text description

subject.reference: Reference to the Patient (can use Patient/{id} or urn:uuid:...)

Status Mapping:

"active" → Stored as "Yes" (patient is currently taking the medication)

"not-taken", "unknown", "on-hold", "stopped" , "entered-in-error" , "intended" , "completed" → Stored as "No" (patient is not taking the medication)

Missing or invalid status → system will reject the medication

Note:

For the medication to be stored as "Yes", both effectiveDateTime and status: "active" must be valid.

Recommended CardioExplorer Medication Codes:

Code	System	Description
`CE_ANTIPLATELET_THERAPY`	`www.cardioexplorer.ai`	Antiplatelet therapy (e.g., Clopidogrel, Aspirin)
`CE_LIPID_LOWERING_THERAPY`	`www.cardioexplorer.ai`	Lipid lowering therapy (e.g., Statins)
`CE_RAAS_INHIBITING_THERAPY`	`www.cardioexplorer.ai`	RAAS inhibiting therapy (e.g., ACE inhibitors, ARBs)
`CE_DIURETIC_THERAPY`	`www.cardioexplorer.ai`	Diuretic therapy
`CE_ANTI_ANGINAL_NITRATE_THERAPY`	`www.cardioexplorer.ai`	Anti-anginal nitrate therapy (e.g., Nitroglycerin)
`CE_CALCIUM_CHANNEL_BLOCKER_THERAPY`	`www.cardioexplorer.ai`	Calcium channel blocker therapy
`CE_BETA_BLOCKER_PLACEHOLDER`	`www.cardioexplorer.ai`	Beta blocker
`CE_GLUECOSE_THERAPY`	`www.cardioexplorer.ai`	Glucose-lowering therapy (base code)
`CE_GLUECOSE_THERAPY_INSULIN`	`www.cardioexplorer.ai`	Glucose-lowering therapy - Insulin therapies
`CE_GLUECOSE_THERAPY_NON_INSULIN`	`www.cardioexplorer.ai`	Glucose-lowering therapy - Non-insulin therapies
`CE_GLUECOSE_THERAPY_NO`	`www.cardioexplorer.ai`	Glucose-lowering therapy - No therapy

⚠️ Important: If you use a medication code that is not recognized by our system, please contact our support team to have it added to our database. We will update the code mapping to ensure your medication codes are properly processed.

Glucose-lowering Therapy (Special Case of medication)

Resource Type: MedicationStatement

Glucose-lowering therapy requires sub-category specification when status is "active". The system automatically maps any code that maps to ConceptId 201820 via the CodeMapping table.

Example 1: Insulin therapies

{
    "fullUrl": "urn:uuid:11111111-aaaa-4bbb-cccc-000000000027",
    "resource": {
        "resourceType": "MedicationStatement",
        "status": "active",
        "effectiveDateTime": "2026-01-27T00:00:00Z",
        "medicationCodeableConcept": {
            "coding": [
                {
                    "system": "http://www.cardioexplorer.ai",
                    "code": "CE_GLUECOSE_THERAPY_INSULIN",
                    "display": "Insulin therapy"
                }
            ],
            "text": "Insulin therapy"
        },
        "subject": {
            "reference": "Patient/000005"
        }
    }
}

Example 2: Non-insulin therapies

{
    "fullUrl": "urn:uuid:11111111-aaaa-4bbb-cccc-000000000027",
    "resource": {
        "resourceType": "MedicationStatement",
        "status": "active",
        "effectiveDateTime": "2026-01-27T00:00:00Z",
        "medicationCodeableConcept": {
            "coding": [
                {
                    "system": "http://www.cardioexplorer.ai",
                    "code": "CE_GLUECOSE_THERAPY_NON_INSULIN",
                    "display": "Non-insulin therapy"
                }
            ],
            "text": "Non-insulin therapy"
        },
        "subject": {
            "reference": "Patient/000005"
        }
    }
}

Example 3: No therapy (using base code with inactive status)

{
    "fullUrl": "urn:uuid:11111111-aaaa-4bbb-cccc-000000000027",
    "resource": {
        "resourceType": "MedicationStatement",
        "status": "completed",
        "effectiveDateTime": "2026-01-27T00:00:00Z",
        "medicationCodeableConcept": {
            "coding": [
                {
                    "system": "http://www.cardioexplorer.ai",
                    "code": "CE_GLUECOSE_THERAPY",
                    "display": "Glucose-lowering therapy"
                }
            ],
            "text": "Glucose-lowering therapy"
        },
        "subject": {
            "reference": "Patient/000005"
        }
    }
}

Conditional Occurrence Fields

These fields use resources with standardized SNOMED CT codes for categorical/conditional data.

Chest Pain (Angina)

Resource Type: Condition

{
    "fullUrl": "urn:uuid:11111111-aaaa-4bbb-cccc-000000000029",
    "resource": {
        "resourceType": "Condition",
        "id": "chest-pain-typical-001",
        "code": {
            "coding": [
                {
                    "system": "http://snomed.info/sct",
                    "code": "429559004",
                    "display": "Typical angina (disorder)"
                }
            ],
            "text": "Typical angina"
        },
        "clinicalStatus": {
            "coding": [
                {
                    "system": "http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/condition-clinical",
                    "code": "active",
                    "display": "Active"
                }
            ]
        },
        "verificationStatus": {
            "coding": [
                {
                    "system": "http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/condition-ver-status",
                    "code": "confirmed",
                    "display": "Confirmed"
                }
            ]
        },
        "subject": {
            "reference": "Patient/000005"
        },
        "onsetDateTime": "2026-01-27T00:00:00Z"
    }
}

Field Details: All of these fields are mandatory

resourceType: Must be "Condition"

code.coding[].system: Use "http://snomed.info/sct" for SNOMED CT codes

code.coding[].code: SNOMED CT code for the chest pain type (see codes below)

code.coding[].display: Human-readable description

clinicalStatus.coding[].code: Use "active" for current conditions

verificationStatus.coding[].code: Use "confirmed" for verified conditions

subject.reference: Reference to the Patient

onsetDateTime: ISO 8601 timestamp when the condition started

SNOMED CT Codes:

429559004 - Typical angina → Maps to "Typical"

371807002 - Atypical angina → Maps to "Atypical"

100001275 - Non-anginal chest pain → Maps to "Non-cardiac chest pain"

100000932 - Asymptomatic / No chest pain → Maps to "No chest pain"

Q-wave Status in Resting ECG

Resource Type: condition

{
  "fullUrl": "urn:uuid:11111111-aaaa-4bbb-cccc-000000000030",
  "resource": {
    "resourceType": "Condition",
    "clinicalStatus": {
      "coding": [
        {
          "system": "http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/condition-clinical",
          "code": "active",
          "display": "Active"
        }
      ]
    },
    "verificationStatus": {
      "coding": [
        {
          "system": "http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/condition-ver-status",
          "code": "confirmed",
          "display": "Confirmed"
        }
      ]
    },
    "code": {
      "coding": [
        {
          "system": "http://snomed.info/sct",
          "code": "164916001",
          "display": "Normal Q wave"
        }
      ],
       "text": "Normal Q wave observed on resting ECG."
    },
    "subject": {
      "reference": "Patient/000005"
    },
    "onsetDateTime": "2026-01-27T00:00:00Z",
    "note": [
      {
        "text": "Normal Q wave observed on resting ECG."
      }
    ]
  }
},

Field Details: All of these fields are mandatory

resource.resourceType: Must be "Condition"

clinicalStatus.coding[0].system: "http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/condition-clinical"

clinicalStatus.coding[0].code: e.g. "active"

verificationStatus.coding[0].system: "http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/condition-ver-status"

verificationStatus.coding[0].code: e.g. "confirmed"

code.coding[0].system: Use "http://snomed.info/sct" for SNOMED CT codes

code.coding[0].code: SNOMED CT code for Q-wave status in resting ECG (see codes below)

code.text: Human-readable description of the finding

subject.reference: Reference to the Patient

onsetDateTime: ISO 8601 timestamp indicating when the condition applies

note[].text: Optional but recommended free-text note, consistent with the coded finding

SNOMED CT Codes:

164916001 – Normal Q wave → Maps to "No"

164917005 – Abnormal Q wave → Maps to "Yes"

Nicotine Consumption

Resource Type: Observation with valueCodeableConcept

{
    "fullUrl": "urn:uuid:11111111-aaaa-4bbb-cccc-000000000031",
    "resource": {
        "resourceType": "Observation",
        "status": "final",
        "effectiveDateTime": "2026-01-27T00:00:00Z",
        "code": {
            "coding": [
                {
                    "system": "http://loinc.org",
                    "code": "72166-2",
                    "display": "Tobacco smoking status"
                }
            ],
            "text": "Nicotine consumption (NC)"
        },
        "subject": {
            "reference": "Patient/000005"
        },
        "valueCodeableConcept": {
            "coding": [
                {
                    "system": "http://loinc.org",
                    "code": "LA15920-4",
                    "display": "Ex-smoker"
                }
            ],
            "text": "Ex-smoker"
        }
    }
}

Field Details: All of these fields are mandatory

resourceType: Must be "Observation"

status: Must be "final"

code.coding[].system: Use "http://loinc.org" for LOINC codes

code.coding[].code: LOINC code "72166-2" for tobacco smoking status

effectiveDateTime: ISO 8601 timestamp when observation was taken

valueCodeableConcept.coding[].system: Use "http://snomed.info/sct" for SNOMED CT codes

valueCodeableConcept.coding[].code: SNOMED CT code for smoking status (see codes below)

subject.reference: Reference to the Patient

LOINC CT Codes:

LA18978-9 - Never smoked tobacco → Maps to "Non-smoker"

LA15920-4 - Ex-smoker → Maps to "Ex-smoker".

LA20356-4 - Current every day smoker → Maps to "Smoker"

Common Issues

❌ Missing or Invalid `effectiveDateTime` in MedicationStatement

Behavior: Medication will be stored with value "No" (patient not taking medication)
Fix: Always include a valid effectiveDateTime with an ISO 8601 timestamp to ensure the medication is stored as "Yes" (patient is taking it)

❌ Missing `fullUrl` in Bundle entries

Error: Validation may fail, error reporting will be unclear
Fix: Include a unique fullUrl for every entry in the bundle

❌ Data Too Old (Exceeds 90 Days)

Error: Observation or MedicationStatement will be rejected

Complete Example

Here's a complete Bundle with Patient, Observations, and Medications:

{
    "resourceType": "Bundle",
    "type": "collection",
    "entry": [
        {
            "fullUrl": "urn:uuid:2a3f9f10-5b1c-4ad3-9c1c-6f8a2a0b3e41",
            "resource": {
                "resourceType": "Patient",
                "id": "000005",
                "gender": "male",
                "birthDate": "1995-08-01"
            }
        },
        {
            "fullUrl": "urn:uuid:11111111-aaaa-4bbb-cccc-000000000001",
            "resource": {
                "resourceType": "Observation",
                "status": "final",
                "effectiveDateTime": "2026-01-25T00:00:00Z",
                "code": {
                    "coding": [
                        {
                            "system": "http://loinc.org",
                            "code": "6690-2",
                            "display": "Leukocytes [#/volume] in Blood by Automated count"
                        }
                    ],
                    "text": "Leukocytes"
                },
                "subject": {
                    "reference": "Patient/000005"
                },
                "valueQuantity": {
                    "value": 6.0,
                    "unit": "G/L",
                    "system": "http://unitsofmeasure.org",
                    "code": "G/L"
                }
            }
        },
        {
            "fullUrl": "urn:uuid:11111111-aaaa-4bbb-cccc-000000000002",
            "resource": {
                "resourceType": "Observation",
                "status": "final",
                "effectiveDateTime": "2026-01-25T00:00:00Z",
                "code": {
                    "coding": [
                        {
                            "system": "http://loinc.org",
                            "code": "6768-6",
                            "display": "Alkaline phosphatase [Enzymatic activity/volume] in Serum or Plasma"
                        }
                    ],
                    "text": "Alkaline phosphatase"
                },
                "subject": {
                    "reference": "Patient/000005"
                },
                "valueQuantity": {
                    "value": 120.0,
                    "unit": "U/L",
                    "system": "http://unitsofmeasure.org",
                    "code": "U/L"
                }
            }
        },
        {
            "fullUrl": "urn:uuid:11111111-aaaa-4bbb-cccc-000000000003",
            "resource": {
                "resourceType": "Observation",
                "status": "final",
                "effectiveDateTime": "2026-01-20T00:00:00Z",
                "code": {
                    "coding": [
                        {
                            "system": "http://loinc.org",
                            "code": "30525-0",
                            "display": "Age"
                        }
                    ],
                    "text": "Age"
                },
                "subject": {
                    "reference": "Patient/000005"
                },
                "valueQuantity": {
                    "value": 30,
                    "unit": "years",
                    "system": "http://unitsofmeasure.org",
                    "code": "a"
                }
            }
        },
        {
            "fullUrl": "urn:uuid:11111111-aaaa-4bbb-cccc-000000000004",
            "resource": {
                "resourceType": "Observation",
                "status": "final",
                "effectiveDateTime": "2026-01-25T00:00:00Z",
                "code": {
                    "coding": [
                        {
                            "system": "http://loinc.org",
                            "code": "8302-2",
                            "display": "Body height"
                        }
                    ],
                    "text": "Body height"
                },
                "subject": {
                    "reference": "Patient/000005"
                },
                "valueQuantity": {
                    "value": 181.0,
                    "unit": "cm",
                    "system": "http://unitsofmeasure.org",
                    "code": "cm"
                }
            }
        },
        {
            "fullUrl": "urn:uuid:11111111-aaaa-4bbb-cccc-000000000005",
            "resource": {
                "resourceType": "Observation",
                "status": "final",
                "effectiveDateTime": "2026-01-25T00:00:00Z",
                "code": {
                    "coding": [
                        {
                            "system": "http://loinc.org",
                            "code": "29463-7",
                            "display": "Body weight"
                        }
                    ],
                    "text": "Body weight"
                },
                "subject": {
                    "reference": "Patient/000005"
                },
                "valueQuantity": {
                    "value": 95.0,
                    "unit": "kg",
                    "system": "http://unitsofmeasure.org",
                    "code": "kg"
                }
            }
        },
        {
            "fullUrl": "urn:uuid:11111111-aaaa-4bbb-cccc-000000000006",
            "resource": {
                "resourceType": "Observation",
                "status": "final",
                "effectiveDateTime": "2026-01-25T00:00:00Z",
                "code": {
                    "coding": [
                        {
                            "system": "http://loinc.org",
                            "code": "8480-6",
                            "display": "Systolic blood pressure"
                        }
                    ],
                    "text": "Systolic blood pressure"
                },
                "subject": {
                    "reference": "Patient/000005"
                },
                "valueQuantity": {
                    "value": 123,
                    "unit": "mmHg",
                    "system": "http://unitsofmeasure.org",
                    "code": "mm[Hg]"
                }
            }
        },
        {
            "fullUrl": "urn:uuid:11111111-aaaa-4bbb-cccc-000000000007",
            "resource": {
                "resourceType": "Observation",
                "status": "final",
                "effectiveDateTime": "2026-01-25T00:00:00Z",
                "code": {
                    "coding": [
                        {
                            "system": "http://loinc.org",
                            "code": "8462-4",
                            "display": "Diastolic blood pressure"
                        }
                    ],
                    "text": "Diastolic blood pressure"
                },
                "subject": {
                    "reference": "Patient/000005"
                },
                "valueQuantity": {
                    "value": 88,
                    "unit": "mmHg",
                    "system": "http://unitsofmeasure.org",
                    "code": "mm[Hg]"
                }
            }
        },
        {
            "fullUrl": "urn:uuid:11111111-aaaa-4bbb-cccc-000000000008",
            "resource": {
                "resourceType": "Observation",
                "status": "final",
                "effectiveDateTime": "2026-01-25T00:00:00Z",
                "code": {
                    "coding": [
                        {
                            "system": "http://loinc.org",
                            "code": "2093-3",
                            "display": "Cholesterol [Mass/volume] in Serum or Plasma"
                        }
                    ],
                    "text": "Total cholesterol"
                },
                "subject": {
                    "reference": "Patient/000005"
                },
                "valueQuantity": {
                    "value": 4.5,
                    "unit": "mg/dL",
                    "system": "http://unitsofmeasure.org",
                    "code": "mg/dL"
                }
            }
        },
        {
            "fullUrl": "urn:uuid:11111111-aaaa-4bbb-cccc-000000000009",
            "resource": {
                "resourceType": "Observation",
                "status": "final",
                "effectiveDateTime": "2026-01-25T00:00:00Z",
                "code": {
                    "coding": [
                        {
                            "system": "http://loinc.org",
                            "code": "2085-9",
                            "display": "Cholesterol in HDL [Mass/volume] in Serum or Plasma"
                        }
                    ],
                    "text": "HDL cholesterol"
                },
                "subject": {
                    "reference": "Patient/000005"
                },
                "valueQuantity": {
                    "value": 1.6000000238418579,
                    "unit": "mmol/L",
                    "system": "http://unitsofmeasure.org",
                    "code": "mmol/L"
                }
            }
        },
        {
            "fullUrl": "urn:uuid:11111111-aaaa-4bbb-cccc-000000000010",
            "resource": {
                "resourceType": "Observation",
                "status": "final",
                "effectiveDateTime": "2026-01-25T00:00:00Z",
                "code": {
                    "coding": [
                        {
                            "system": "http://loinc.org",
                            "code": "13457-7",
                            "display": "Cholesterol in LDL [Mass/volume] in Serum or Plasma by calculation"
                        }
                    ],
                    "text": "LDL cholesterol"
                },
                "subject": {
                    "reference": "Patient/000005"
                },
                "valueQuantity": {
                    "value": 2.5,
                    "unit": "mmol/L",
                    "system": "http://unitsofmeasure.org",
                    "code": "mmol/L"
                }
            }
        },
        {
            "fullUrl": "urn:uuid:11111111-aaaa-4bbb-cccc-000000000011",
            "resource": {
                "resourceType": "Observation",
                "status": "final",
                "effectiveDateTime": "2026-01-25T00:00:00Z",
                "code": {
                    "coding": [
                        {
                            "system": "http://loinc.org",
                            "code": "2345-7",
                            "display": "Glucose [Mass/volume] in Serum or Plasma"
                        }
                    ],
                    "text": "Glucose"
                },
                "subject": {
                    "reference": "Patient/000005"
                },
                "valueQuantity": {
                    "value": 12,
                    "unit": "mg/dL",
                    "system": "http://unitsofmeasure.org",
                    "code": "mg/dL"
                }
            }
        },
        {
            "fullUrl": "urn:uuid:11111111-aaaa-4bbb-cccc-000000000012",
            "resource": {
                "resourceType": "Observation",
                "status": "final",
                "effectiveDateTime": "2026-01-25T00:00:00Z",
                "code": {
                    "coding": [
                        {
                            "system": "http://loinc.org",
                            "code": "2885-2",
                            "display": "Protein [Mass/volume] in Serum or Plasma"
                        }
                    ],
                    "text": "Total protein"
                },
                "subject": {
                    "reference": "Patient/000005"
                },
                "valueQuantity": {
                    "value": 70.0,
                    "unit": "g/L",
                    "system": "http://unitsofmeasure.org",
                    "code": "g/L"
                }
            }
        },
        {
            "fullUrl": "urn:uuid:11111111-aaaa-4bbb-cccc-000000000013",
            "resource": {
                "resourceType": "Observation",
                "status": "final",
                "effectiveDateTime": "2026-01-25T00:00:00Z",
                "code": {
                    "coding": [
                        {
                            "system": "http://loinc.org",
                            "code": "1751-7",
                            "display": "Albumin [Mass/volume] in Serum or Plasma"
                        }
                    ],
                    "text": "Albumin"
                },
                "subject": {
                    "reference": "Patient/000005"
                },
                "valueQuantity": {
                    "value": 45.0,
                    "unit": "g/dL",
                    "system": "http://unitsofmeasure.org",
                    "code": "g/dL"
                }
            }
        },
        {
            "fullUrl": "urn:uuid:11111111-aaaa-4bbb-cccc-000000000014",
            "resource": {
                "resourceType": "Observation",
                "status": "final",
                "effectiveDateTime": "2026-01-25T00:00:00Z",
                "code": {
                    "coding": [
                        {
                            "system": "http://loinc.org",
                            "code": "1975-2",
                            "display": "Bilirubin.total [Mass/volume] in Serum or Plasma"
                        }
                    ],
                    "text": "Total bilirubin"
                },
                "subject": {
                    "reference": "Patient/000005"
                },
                "valueQuantity": {
                    "value": 70.0,
                    "unit": "µmol/L",
                    "system": "http://unitsofmeasure.org",
                    "code": "umol/L"
                }
            }
        },
        {
            "fullUrl": "urn:uuid:11111111-aaaa-4bbb-cccc-000000000015",
            "resource": {
                "resourceType": "Observation",
                "status": "final",
                "effectiveDateTime": "2026-01-25T00:00:00Z",
                "code": {
                    "coding": [
                        {
                            "system": "http://loinc.org",
                            "code": "3094-0",
                            "display": "Urea nitrogen [Mass/volume] in Serum or Plasma"
                        }
                    ],
                    "text": "Urea"
                },
                "subject": {
                    "reference": "Patient/000005"
                },
                "valueQuantity": {
                    "value": 5.0,
                    "unit": "mg/dL",
                    "system": "http://unitsofmeasure.org",
                    "code": "mg/dL"
                }
            }
        },
        {
            "fullUrl": "urn:uuid:11111111-aaaa-4bbb-cccc-000000000016",
            "resource": {
                "resourceType": "Observation",
                "status": "final",
                "effectiveDateTime": "2026-01-25T00:00:00Z",
                "code": {
                    "coding": [
                        {
                            "system": "http://loinc.org",
                            "code": "3084-1",
                            "display": "Urate [Mass/volume] in Serum or Plasma"
                        }
                    ],
                    "text": "Uric acid"
                },
                "subject": {
                    "reference": "Patient/000005"
                },
                "valueQuantity": {
                    "value": 250.0,
                    "unit": "µmol/L",
                    "system": "http://unitsofmeasure.org",
                    "code": "umol/L"
                }
            }
        },
        {
            "fullUrl": "urn:uuid:11111111-aaaa-4bbb-cccc-000000000017",
            "resource": {
                "resourceType": "Observation",
                "status": "final",
                "effectiveDateTime": "2026-01-25T00:00:00Z",
                "code": {
                    "coding": [
                        {
                            "system": "http://loinc.org",
                            "code": "28540-3",
                            "display": "MCHC [Entitic Mass/volume] in Red Blood Cells"
                        }
                    ],
                    "text": "MCHC"
                },
                "subject": {
                    "reference": "Patient/000005"
                },
                "valueQuantity": {
                    "value": 330.0,
                    "unit": "g/L",
                    "system": "http://unitsofmeasure.org",
                    "code": "g/L"
                }
            }
        },
        {
            "fullUrl": "urn:uuid:11111111-aaaa-4bbb-cccc-000000000018",
            "resource": {
                "resourceType": "Observation",
                "status": "final",
                "effectiveDateTime": "2026-01-27T00:00:00Z",
                "code": {
                    "coding": [
                        {
                            "system": "http://loinc.org",
                            "code": "1805-1",
                            "display": "Amylase.pancreatic [Enzymatic activity/volume] in Serum or Plasma"
                        }
                    ],
                    "text": "Pancreatic amylase"
                },
                "subject": {
                    "reference": "Patient/000005"
                },
                "valueQuantity": {
                    "value": 50.0,
                    "unit": "U/L",
                    "system": "http://unitsofmeasure.org",
                    "code": "U/L"
                }
            }
        },
        {
            "fullUrl": "urn:uuid:11111111-aaaa-4bbb-cccc-000000000019",
            "resource": {
                "resourceType": "Observation",
                "status": "final",
                "effectiveDateTime": "2026-01-25T00:00:00Z",
                "code": {
                    "coding": [
                        {
                            "system": "http://loinc.org",
                            "code": "67151-1",
                            "display": "Troponin T.cardiac [Mass/volume] in Serum or Plasma by High sensitivity method"
                        }
                    ],
                    "text": "High-sensitivity troponin T"
                },
                "subject": {
                    "reference": "Patient/000005"
                },
                "valueQuantity": {
                    "value": 3.0,
                    "unit": "ng/L",
                    "system": "http://unitsofmeasure.org",
                    "code": "ng/L"
                }
            }
        },
        {
            "fullUrl": "urn:uuid:11111111-aaaa-4bbb-cccc-000000000020",
            "resource": {
                "resourceType": "Observation",
                "status": "final",
                "effectiveDateTime": "2026-01-25T00:00:00Z",
                "code": {
                    "coding": [
                        {
                            "system": "http://loinc.org",
                            "code": "1742-6",
                            "display": "Alanine aminotransferase [Enzymatic activity/volume] in Serum or Plasma"
                        }
                    ],
                    "text": "ALAT"
                },
                "subject": {
                    "reference": "Patient/000005"
                },
                "valueQuantity": {
                    "value": 25.0,
                    "unit": "U/L",
                    "system": "http://unitsofmeasure.org",
                    "code": "U/L"
                }
            }
        },
        {
            "fullUrl": "urn:uuid:11111111-aaaa-4bbb-cccc-000000000021",
            "resource": {
                "resourceType": "MedicationStatement",
                "id": "diuretic-furosemide-1",
                "status": "active",
                "effectiveDateTime": "2026-01-25T00:00:00Z",
                "medicationCodeableConcept": {
                    "coding": [
                        {
                            "system": "http://www.cardioexplorer.ai",
                            "code": "CE_DIURETIC_THERAPY",
                            "display": "Furosemide 40 mg oral tablet"
                        }
                    ],
                    "text": "Furosemide 40 mg oral tablet"
                },
                "subject": {
                    "reference": "Patient/000005"
                }
            }
        },
        {
            "fullUrl": "urn:uuid:11111111-aaaa-4bbb-cccc-000000000022",
            "resource": {
                "resourceType": "MedicationStatement",
                "id": "beta-blocker-product-1",
                "status": "active",
                "effectiveDateTime": "2026-01-25T00:00:00Z",
                "medicationCodeableConcept": {
                    "coding": [
                        {
                            "system": "http://www.cardioexplorer.ai",
                            "code": "CE_BETA_BLOCKER_PLACEHOLDER",
                            "display": "Beta blocker (product)"
                        }
                    ],
                    "text": "Beta blocker"
                },
                "subject": {
                    "reference": "Patient/000005"
                }
            }
        },
        {
            "fullUrl": "urn:uuid:11111111-aaaa-4bbb-cccc-000000000023",
            "resource": {
                "resourceType": "MedicationStatement",
                "id": "cp-gtn-spray-1",
                "status": "intended",
                "effectiveDateTime": "2026-01-25T00:00:00Z",
                "medicationCodeableConcept": {
                    "coding": [
                        {
                            "system": "http://www.cardioexplorer.ai",
                            "code": "CE_ANTI_ANGINAL_NITRATE_THERAPY",
                            "display": "Nitroglycerin sublingual spray"
                        }
                    ],
                    "text": "Nitroglycerin sublingual spray"
                },
                "subject": {
                    "reference": "Patient/000005"
                }
            }
        },
        {
            "fullUrl": "urn:uuid:11111111-aaaa-4bbb-cccc-000000000024",
            "resource": {
                "resourceType": "MedicationStatement",
                "id": "ace-ramipril-1",
                "status": "active",
                "effectiveDateTime": "2026-01-25T00:00:00Z",
                "medicationCodeableConcept": {
                    "coding": [
                        {
                            "system": "http://www.cardioexplorer.ai",
                            "code": "CE_RAAS_INHIBITING_THERAPY",
                            "display": "Ramipril 5 mg oral capsule"
                        }
                    ],
                    "text": "Ramipril 5 mg oral capsule"
                },
                "subject": {
                    "reference": "Patient/000005"
                }
            }
        },
        {
            "fullUrl": "urn:uuid:11111111-aaaa-4bbb-cccc-000000000025",
            "resource": {
                "resourceType": "MedicationStatement",
                "id": "ccb-amlodipine-1",
                "status": "active",
                "effectiveDateTime": "2026-01-25T00:00:00Z",
                "medicationCodeableConcept": {
                    "coding": [
                        {
                            "system": "http://www.cardioexplorer.ai",
                            "code": "CE_CALCIUM_CHANNEL_BLOCKER_THERAPY",
                            "display": "Amlodipine 5 mg oral tablet"
                        }
                    ],
                    "text": "Amlodipine 5 mg oral tablet"
                },
                "subject": {
                    "reference": "Patient/000005"
                }
            }
        },
        {
            "fullUrl": "urn:uuid:11111111-aaaa-4bbb-cccc-000000000026",
            "resource": {
                "resourceType": "MedicationStatement",
                "id": "statin-atorvastatin-1",
                "status": "active",
                "effectiveDateTime": "2026-01-25T00:00:00Z",
                "medicationCodeableConcept": {
                    "coding": [
                        {
                            "system": "http://www.cardioexplorer.ai",
                            "code": "CE_LIPID_LOWERING_THERAPY",
                            "display": "Atorvastatin 20 mg oral tablet"
                        }
                    ],
                    "text": "Atorvastatin 20 mg oral tablet"
                },
                "subject": {
                    "reference": "Patient/000005"
                }
            }
        },
        {
            "fullUrl": "urn:uuid:11111111-aaaa-4bbb-cccc-000000000027",
            "resource": {
                "resourceType": "MedicationStatement",
                "status": "active",
                "effectiveDateTime": "2026-01-25T00:00:00Z",
                "medicationCodeableConcept": {
                    "coding": [
                        {
                            "system": "http://www.cardioexplorer.ai",
                            "code": "CE_GLUECOSE_THERAPY_INSULIN",
                            "display": "Insulin therapy"
                        }
                    ],
                    "text": "Insulin therapy"
                },
                "subject": {
                    "reference": "Patient/000005"
                }
            }
        },
        {
            "fullUrl": "urn:uuid:11111111-aaaa-4bbb-cccc-000000000028",
            "resource": {
                "resourceType": "MedicationStatement",
                "id": "antiplatelet-therapy-1",
                "status": "not-taken",
                "effectiveDateTime": "2026-01-25T00:00:00Z",
                "medicationCodeableConcept": {
                    "coding": [
                        {
                            "system": "http://www.cardioexplorer.ai",
                            "code": "CE_ANTIPLATELET_THERAPY",
                            "display": "Clopidogrel [Presence]"
                        }
                    ],
                    "text": "Clopidogrel"
                },
                "subject": {
                    "reference": "Patient/000005"
                }
            }
        },
        {
            "fullUrl": "urn:uuid:11111111-aaaa-4bbb-cccc-000000000029",
            "resource": {
                "resourceType": "Condition",
                "id": "chest-pain-typical-001",
                "code": {
                    "coding": [
                        {
                            "system": "http://snomed.info/sct",
                            "code": "429559004",
                            "display": "Typical angina (disorder)"
                        }
                    ],
                    "text": "Typical angina"
                },
                "clinicalStatus": {
                    "coding": [
                        {
                            "system": "http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/condition-clinical",
                            "code": "active",
                            "display": "Active"
                        }
                    ]
                },
                "verificationStatus": {
                    "coding": [
                        {
                            "system": "http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/condition-ver-status",
                            "code": "confirmed",
                            "display": "Confirmed"
                        }
                    ]
                },
                "subject": {
                    "reference": "Patient/000005"
                },
                "onsetDateTime": "2026-01-25T00:00:00Z"
            }
        },
        {
            "fullUrl": "urn:uuid:11111111-aaaa-4bbb-cccc-000000000030",
            "resource": {
                "resourceType": "Condition",
                "clinicalStatus": {
                    "coding": [
                        {
                            "system": "http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/condition-clinical",
                            "code": "active",
                            "display": "Active"
                        }
                    ]
                },
                "verificationStatus": {
                    "coding": [
                        {
                            "system": "http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/condition-ver-status",
                            "code": "confirmed",
                            "display": "Confirmed"
                        }
                    ]
                },
                "code": {
                    "coding": [
                        {
                            "system": "http://snomed.info/sct",
                            "code": "164916001",
                            "display": "Normal Q wave"
                        }
                    ],
                    "text": "Normal Q wave observed on resting ECG."
                },
                "subject": {
                    "reference": "Patient/000005"
                },
                "onsetDateTime": "2026-01-25T00:00:00Z",
                "note": [
                    {
                        "text": "Normal Q wave observed on resting ECG."
                    }
                ]
            }
        },
        {
            "fullUrl": "urn:uuid:11111111-aaaa-4bbb-cccc-000000000031",
            "resource": {
                "resourceType": "Observation",
                "status": "final",
                "effectiveDateTime": "2026-01-25T00:00:00Z",
                "code": {
                    "coding": [
                        {
                            "system": "http://loinc.org",
                            "code": "72166-2",
                            "display": "Tobacco smoking status"
                        }
                    ],
                    "text": "Nicotine consumption (NC)"
                },
                "subject": {
                    "reference": "Patient/000005"
                },
                "valueCodeableConcept": {
                    "coding": [
                        {
                            "system": "http://loinc.org",
                            "code": "LA15920-4",
                            "display": "Ex-smoker"
                        }
                    ],
                    "text": "Ex-smoker"
                }
            }
        }
    ]
}

FHIR Client Integration Guide

📋 Table of Contents#

Bundle Structure#

Required Fields#

Patient Resource#

Observation Resources#

MedicationStatement Resources#

Glucose-lowering Therapy (Special Case of medication)#

Conditional Occurrence Fields#

Chest Pain (Angina)#

Q-wave Status in Resting ECG#

Nicotine Consumption#

Common Issues#

❌ Missing or Invalid effectiveDateTime in MedicationStatement#

❌ Missing fullUrl in Bundle entries#

❌ Data Too Old (Exceeds 90 Days)#

Complete Example#

📋 Table of Contents

Bundle Structure

Required Fields

Patient Resource

Observation Resources

MedicationStatement Resources

Glucose-lowering Therapy (Special Case of medication)

Conditional Occurrence Fields

Chest Pain (Angina)

Q-wave Status in Resting ECG

Nicotine Consumption

Common Issues

❌ Missing or Invalid `effectiveDateTime` in MedicationStatement

❌ Missing `fullUrl` in Bundle entries

❌ Data Too Old (Exceeds 90 Days)

Complete Example